难 (難) nán

1. nán adjective difficult; arduous; hard
   Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Comparison
   Notes: (Kroll 2015 '難' nán 1; NCCED '難' nán 1; Pulleyblank 1995, p. 42; Unihan '難').
2. nán verb to put someone in a difficult position; to have difficulty
   Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
   Notes: (NCCED '難' nán 2)
3. nán adjective hardly possible; unable
   Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语
   Notes: (Kroll 2015 '難' nán 1; NCCED '難' nán 3; Unihan '難')
4. nàn noun disaster; calamity
   Domain: Modern Chinese 现代汉语 , Subdomain: Disaster
   Notes: (Kroll 2015 '難' nàn 1; NCCED '難' nàn 1)
5. nàn noun enemy; foe
   Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
   Notes: (Kroll 2015 '難' nàn 2)
6. nán adjective bad; unpleasant
   Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
   Notes: (Kroll 2015 '難' nán 2; NCCED '難' nán 4)
7. nàn verb to blame; to rebuke
   Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
   Notes: (Kroll 2015 '難' nàn 3b; NCCED '難' nàn 2)
8. nàn verb to object to; to argue against
   Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
   Notes: (Kroll 2015 '難' nàn 3)
9. nàn verb to reject; to repudiate
   Domain: Literary Chinese 文言文
   Notes: (Kroll 2015 '難' nàn 3a)
10. nán adjective inopportune; aksana
    Domain: Buddhism 佛教
    Notes: Sanskrit equivalent: akṣaṇa, or: pratibandha, Japanese: nan (BCSD '難', p. 1238; Mahāvyutpatti 'pratibandhaḥ'; MW 'akṣaṇa'; Unihan '難')

Contained in

• 难近母(難近母) Durga
• 世人二十苦 忍者苦口难言 愚者苦海无边 病者苦不堪言 盲者苦于无光 佞者苦心积虑 孤者苦无照顾 老者苦有代沟 贪者苦求无着 贫者苦雨淒风 邪者苦事无穷 犯者苦陷牢狱 恶者苦果必然 业者苦心经营 师者苦口婆心 达者苦中有乐 勇者苦忍有力 学者苦心研究 勤者苦尽甘来 智者苦能转乐 仁者苦节飘香(世人二十苦 忍者苦口難言 愚者苦海無邊 病者苦不堪言 盲者苦於無光 佞者苦心積慮 孤者苦無照顧 老者苦有代溝 貪者苦求無著 貧者苦雨淒風 邪者苦事無窮 犯者苦陷牢獄 惡者苦果必然 業者苦心經營 師者苦口婆心 達者苦中有樂 勇者苦忍有力 學者苦心研究 勤者苦盡甘來 智者苦能轉樂 仁者苦節飄香) Twenty Pains of Life One who endures finds the pain indescribable. One who is ignorant is trapped in the abyss of suffering. One who is sick is in unspeakable pain. One who is blind is blocked from rays of light. One who is wicked is chained by painstaking plot. One who is in solitude is threatened by loneliness. One who is old is isolated by generation gaps. One who is greedy is deprived of freedom. One who is poor is desolated by rain and cold. One who is evil is trapped in endless suffering. One who is convicted is locked behind bars. One who is unwholesome will never escape suffering. One who is in business is entangled by the tediousness of management. One who is the teacher is willing to advise earnestly and kindly. One who is skillful is able to find joy in hardship. One who is brave has the power to end suffering. One who is well learned is able to commit to his research. One who is diligent can put an end to hardship. One who is wise can turn suffering into happiness. One who is benevolent will leave behind a good name.
• 邬波难陀(鄔波難陀) Upananda
• 尾觐难得迦(尾覲難得迦) Vighnāntaka
• 五观若明金易化 三心未了水难消(五觀若明金易化 三心未了水難消) If the Five Contemplations are fully practiced, even gold is easily consumed; Shall the Three Minds remain unaware, even water becomes indigestible.
• 八种福田; 1. 三宝 2. 修道者 3. 父母 4. 师长 5. 病人 6. 残障 7. 急难 8. 弱势团体(八種福田; 1. 三寶 2. 修道者 3. 父母 4. 師長 5. 病人 6. 殘障 7. 急難 8. 弱勢團體) Field of Merit: 1. the Triple Gem; 2. spiritual practitioners; 3. parents; 4. teachers; 5. the sick; 6. the physically impaired; 7. crisis victims; 8. groups helping the disadvantaged
• 优婆难陀(優婆難陀) Upananda
• 瑜伽集要救阿难陀罗尼焰口轨仪经(瑜伽集要救阿難陀羅尼焰口軌儀經) Ritual of Yogā Essentials of the Pretamukhāgnijvālayaśarakāra Dhāraṇī; Yujia Ji Yao Jiu Anantuo Luo Ni Yan Kou Gui Yi Jing
• 难提迦叶(難提迦葉) Nadī-kāśyapa
• 药师琉璃光如来消灾除难念诵仪轨(藥師琉璃光如來消災除難念誦儀軌) Yaoshi Liuli Guang Rulai Xiao Zai Chu Nan Niansong Yi Gui (Liturgy for the Medicine Buddha of Pure Crystal Radiance Avoiding Calamities and Difficulties)
• 难陀(難陀) Nanda
• 受戒容易持戒难(受戒容易持戒難) taking the precepts is easy, observing them is hard
• 步步登高易 心心放下难(步步登高易 心心放下難) Step by step easy it is to ascend; Thought after thought hard it is to let go.
• 一言既出，驷马难追(一言既出，駟馬難追) once said, a team of horses cannot unsay it; a promise must be kept ; a word spoken is an arrow let fly
• 佛说息除贼难陀罗尼经(佛說息除賊難陀羅尼經) Sutra on the Dharani to Expel Bandits; Fo Shuo Xi Chu Zei Nantuo Luo Ni Jing
• 十不可 求革新不可太伤人 听发言不可太主观 做决定不可太草率 责备人不可太苛严 要他好不可太为难 用人才不可太傲慢 被要求不可太执着 对自己不可太宽容 被汙衊不可太冲动 受尊重不可太倨傲(十不可 求革新不可太傷人 聽發言不可太主觀 做決定不可太草率 責備人不可太苛嚴 要他好不可太為難 用人才不可太傲慢 被要求不可太執著 對自己不可太寬容 被汙衊不可太衝動 受尊重不可太倨傲) Ten Must Nots One must not burn bridges when pushing for reform. One must not be overly subjective during a meeting. One must not be hasty in decision-making. One must not be too strict when reprimanding others. One must not have overly high expectations in others. One must not be too arrogant to one's subordinates. One must not be too stubborn when under expectations. One must not be too lenient with oneself. One must not be too impulsive when slandered. One must not be too proud when respected.

Also contained in

寝食难安 、 英雄难过美人关 、 咽下困难 、 难题 、 难道 、 难得 、 关关难过，关关过 、 稼穑艰难 、 共赴国难 、 靖难之役 、 攻坚克难 、 罄竹难书 、 难度 、 难过 、 坐立难安 、 难不成 、 万难 、 难分难解 、 受难纪念 、 发难 、 骑虎难下 、 难处 、 易守难攻 、 难堪 、 难治 、 难懂 、 殉难 、 避难所 、 曾经沧海难为水，除却巫山不是云 、 难民 、 难言之隐 、 辩难 、 多难兴邦 、 排难解纷 、 大难不死

Word is mentioned most frequently in

Truncated for common words

• Scroll 1 Si Fen Lu Xingshi Chao Zi Chi Ji 四分律行事鈔資持記 — count: 256
• Scroll 1 Tarkaśāstra (Rushi Lun) 如實論 — count: 252
• Scroll 8 Da Ban Niepan Jing Yi Ji 大般涅槃經義記 — count: 210
• Scroll 2 Si Fen Lu Xingshi Chao Zi Chi Ji 四分律行事鈔資持記 — count: 188
• Scroll 7 Da Ban Niepan Jing Yi Ji 大般涅槃經義記 — count: 187
• Scroll 2 Commentary on the Hundred Treatise 百論疏 — count: 172
• Scroll 2 Notes on the Viṁśatikāvṛtti 成唯識論述記 — count: 171
• Scroll 1 Si Fen Lu Shan Fan Bu Que Xingshi Chao 四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 — count: 146
• Scroll 19 Fahua Xuan Yi Shi Qian 法華玄義釋籤 — count: 144
• Scroll 9 Da Ban Niepan Jing Yi Ji 大般涅槃經義記 — count: 141

Collocations

• 难可 (難可) 七寶難可獲 — Long Discourses (Chang Ahan Jing) 長阿含經, Scroll 1 — count: 14
• 难舍 (難捨) 難捨慳因緣令有家 — Sutra on the Conditions for Desire and Rebirth (Ren Ben Yu Sheng Jing) 人本欲生經, Scroll 1 — count: 10
• 悭难 (慳難) 寧當有慳難捨不 — Sutra on the Conditions for Desire and Rebirth (Ren Ben Yu Sheng Jing) 人本欲生經, Scroll 1 — count: 8
• 难值 (難值) 佛世難值 — Nirvāṇa Sūtra 佛般泥洹經, Scroll 2 — count: 6
• 难知 (難知) 倍復難知 — Long Discourses (Chang Ahan Jing) 長阿含經, Scroll 1 — count: 6
• 难头 (難頭) 十名難頭 — Long Discourses (Chang Ahan Jing) 長阿含經, Scroll 20 — count: 5
• 难见 (難見) 難見難識知 — Long Discourses (Chang Ahan Jing) 長阿含經, Scroll 1 — count: 5
• 难降伏 (難降伏) 竪純青色難降伏幡 — Beginning of the World (Qi Shi Jing) 起世經, Scroll 8 — count: 5
• 难忍 (難忍) 眾痛難忍 — Long Discourses (Chang Ahan Jing) 長阿含經, Scroll 19 — count: 5
• 难及 (難及) 飛行皇帝有四難及之德 — Nirvāṇa Sūtra 佛般泥洹經, Scroll 2 — count: 5